ibhf fellows

George Annas
Fellow

George Annas is internationally renowned for his scholarship and advocacy in health law and bioethics. He is a member of the Institute of Medicine and has served on numerous national and state commissions and task forces related to health law.

Additionally, Professor Annas has written or edited 14 books, including Health and Human Rights: A Reader; Some Choice: Law, Medicine & the Market; Standard of Care: The Law of American Bioethics ; The Nazi Doctors and the Nuremberg Code: Human Rights in Human Experimentation; Judging Medicine; and the widely read The Rights of Patients (2nd ed.), which will appear soon in its third edition. He is the author of more than 200 articles and, since 1991, has written the "Legal Issues in Medicine" feature for The New England Journal of Medicine, the world's most respected medical journal.

Furthermore, Professor Annas was the first director of the Center for Law and Health Sciences at the School of Law , and has developed and taught health law courses in the School of Law, School of Public Health, and School of Medicine since 1972. His current teaching and research focuses on health and human rights, biotechnology, genetics, cloning and genetic engineering, research with human subjects, and patient rights and medical ethics. As co-founder of Global Physicians & Lawyers, an NGO (nongovernmental organization) of physicians and lawyers working together to promote human rights and health around the world, Professor Annas is in the forefront of the human rights and health movement.

Publications

Annas, G.J. , Glantz, L.H. & Katz, B.F., Informed Consent to Human Experimentation: The Subject's Dilemma, Ballinger, Cambridge , MA , 1977.

Annas, G.J. , co-editor, Genetics and the Law, Plenum, NY, 1976; Genetics and the Law II, Plenum, NY, 1980; Genetics and the Law III, Plenum, NY, 1985.

Annas, G.J. , Glantz, L.H. & Katz, B.F., The Rights of Doctors, Nurses, and Allied Health Professionals, Avon, NY, 1981 (hardback ed., Ballinger, 1981; Ballinger paper ed., 1984).

Elias, S. & Annas, G.J. , Reproductive Genetics and the Law, Mosby-Yearbook Medical Pub., Chicago , 1987.

Annas, G.J. , Judging Medicine, Humana Press, Clifton , NJ , 1988 (paperback ed. 1991).

Annas, G.J. , Law, S., Rosenblatt, R. & Wing, K., American Health Law, Little Brown, Boston , 1990.

Annas, G.J. & Grodin, M.A., eds., The Nazi Doctors and the Nuremberg Code: Human Rights in Human Experimentation, Oxford U. Press, NY, 1992 (paperback ed., Oxford U. Press, 1995).

Annas, G.J. & Elias, S., eds., Gene Mapping: Using Law and Ethics as Guides, Oxford U Press, NY, 1992.

Annas, G.J. , Standard of Care: The Law of American Bioethics, Oxford U. Press, NY, 1993 (paperback ed., Oxford U. Press, 1997).

Annas, G.J. , Some Choice: Law, Medicine & the Market, Oxford U. Press, NY, 1998.

Annas, G.J. , co-editor (with Mann, J., Gruskin, S. & Grodin, M.), Health and Human Rights: A Reader, Routledge , NY 1999.

Annas, G.J. , Medical Remedies and Human Rights: Why Civil Rights Lawyers Must Become Involved in Medical Decision-Making, 2 Human Rights 151-167 (1972).

Annas, G.J. & Glantz, L.H., Psychosurgery: The Law's Response, 54 B.U.L. Rev. 279-297 (1974).

Annas, G.J. & Healey, J.M., The Patient Rights Advocate: Redefining the Doctor-Patient Relationship in the Hospital Context, 27 Vanderbilt L. Rev. 243-269

(1974).

Annas, G.J. , Medical Malpractice: Are the Doctors Right?, 10 Trial 59-65 (July 1974).

Annas, G.J. , The Hospital: A Human Rights Wasteland, Civil Liberties Rev. 9-29 (Fall 1974).

Annas, G.J. , Law and Medicine: Myths and Realities in the Medical School Classroom, 1 Am. J. Law & Med. 195-208 (1975).

Annas, G.J. & Coyne, B., 'Fitness' for Birth and Reproduction: Legal Implications of Genetic Screening, 9 Family Law Quarterly 463-489 (Fall 1975).

Annas, G.J. & Katz, B.F. & Trakimas, R.G., Medical Malpractice Litigation under National Health Insurance: Essential or Expendable? 1976 Duke L.J. 1353-1373.

Annas, G.J. , Allocation of Artificial Hearts in the Year 2002: Minerva v. National Health Agency, 3 Am. J. Law & Med. 59-76 (1977).

Annas, G.J. , Reconciling Quinlan and Saikewicz: Decision-Making for the Terminally Ill Incompetent, 4 Am. J. Law & Med. 367-402 (1979).

Annas, G.J. , Fathers Anonymous: Beyond the Best Interests of the Sperm Donor,

14 Family Law Quarterly 1-13 (1980).

Annas, G.J. & Elias, S., In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer: Medicolegal Aspects of a New Technique to Create a Family, 17 Family Law Quarterly 199-223 (1983).

Annas G.J & Densberger, J., Competence to Refuse Medical Treatment: Autonomy vs. Paternalism, 15 Toledo L. Rev. 561-595 (1984).

Annas, G.J. , Conflicts of Interest Disqualification in Medical Malpractice Litigation, 13 Law, Med. & Health Care 233-37 (1986).

Annas, G.J. , Death and the Magic Machine: Informed Consent to the Artificial Heart, 9 W. New Engl. L. Rev. 89-112 (1987).

Annas, G.J. , The Impact of Medical Technology on the Pregnant Woman's Right to Privacy, 13 Am. J. Law & Med. 213-232 (1987).

Annas, G.J. , Faith (Healing), Hope and Charity at the FDA: The Politics of AIDS Drug Trials, 34 Villanova L. Rev. 771-797 (1989).

Annas, G.J. , Doctors and Lawyers and Wolves, 29 Jurimetrics 437-450 (1989).

Annas, G.J. , Health Law at the Turn of the Century: From White Dwarf to Red Giant, 21 Conn. L. Rev. 551-569 (1989).

Annas, G.J. , Mapping the Human Genome and the Meaning of Monster Mythology, 39 Emory L.J. 629-664 (1990).

Mariner, W.K., Glantz, L.H. & Annas, G.J. , Pregnancy, Drugs, and the Perils of Prosecution, Criminal Justice Ethics, 30-41 (Winter/Spring 1990).

Annas, G.J. , Mengele's Birthmark: The Nuremberg Code in United States Courts, 7 J. Contemporary Health Law & Policy 17-45 (1991).

Annas, G.J. , The Changing Landscape of Human Experimentation: Nuremberg , Helsinki , and Beyond, 2 Health Matrix: J. Law-Med. 119-140 (1992).

Annas, G.J. & Miller F.H., The Empire of Death: How Culture and Economics Affect Informed Consent in the U.S. , the U.K. , and Japan , 20 Am. J. Law & Med. 357-394 (1994).

Annas, G.J. , Glantz, L.H. & Roche, P.A., The Genetic Privacy Act and Commentary, (1995), 165 pages (monograph).

Annas, G.J. , Glantz, L.H. & Roche, P.A., Drafting the Genetic Privacy Act: Science, Policy and Practical Considerations, 23 J. Law, Med. & Ethics 360-66 (1995).

Annas, G.J. , Questing for Grails: Duplicity, Betrayal and Self-Deception in Postmodern Medical Research, 12 J. Contemporary Health Law & Policy 297-324 (1996).

Annas, G.J. , Facilitating Choice: Judging the Physician's Role in Abortion and Suicide, 1 Quinnipiac Health Law 93-112 (1996).

Annas, G.J. , The ŚRight to Die' in America: Sloganeering from Quinlan and Cruzan to Quill and Kevorkian, 34 Duquesne L. Rev. 875-897 (1996).

Annas, G.J. , The Promised End: Physician-Assisted Suicide and Abortion, 35 Duquesne L. Rev. 183-199 (1996).

Annas, G.J. , Protecting Soldiers from Friendly Fire: The Consent Requirement for Using Investigational Drugs and Vaccines in Combat, 24 Am. J. Law & Med. 245-260 (1998).

Annas, G.J. , Human Cloning: A Choice or an Echo?, 23 Dayton Law Rev. 247-275 (1998).

Annas, G.J. , Genetic Privacy: There Ought to be a Law, 4 Texas Rev. Law & Pol. 7-15 (1999).

Annas, G.J. , The Man in the Moon, Immortality, and Other Millennial Myths: The Prospects and Perils of Human Genetic Engineering, 49 Emory Law J. 753-782 (2000).

Annas, G.J. , The Limits of Law at the Limits of Life: Lessons from Cannibalism, Euthanasia, Abortion, and the Court-Ordered Killing of One Conjoined Twin to Save the Other, 33 Conn. Law Rev. 1275-1296 (2001).

Annas, G.J. , Andrews, L. & Isasi, R., Protecting the Endangered Human: Toward an International Treaty Prohibiting Cloning and Inheritable Alterations, 28 Am. J. Law & Med.151-178 (2002).

Annas, G.J. , Decision-Making and the Critically Ill Patient: Some Legal Aspects of a Patient Classification Scheme, 42 Linacre Quarterly 116-122 (1975).

Annas, G.J. , Avoiding Malpractice Suits Through Informed Consent, Current Problems in Pediatrics, March, 1976, 48 pages (monograph).

Annas, G.J. , Legal Aspects of Medical Confidentiality in the Occupational Settings, 18 J. Occupational Medicine 537-540 (1976).

Annas, G.J. , Informed Consent, 29 Annual Review of Med. 9-4 (1978).

Annas, G.J. , Refusing Treatment for Incompetent Patients: Why Quinlan and Saikewicz Agree on the Roles of Guardians, Physicians, Judges, and Ethics Committees, 80 N.Y. State J. Med. 816-821 (1980).

Annas, G.J. , The Care of Private Patients in Teaching Hospitals: Legal Implications, 56 Bulletin of N.Y. Academy of Med. 403-411 (1980).

Annas, G.J. , The Emerging Stowaway: Patient Rights in the 1980s, 10 Law, Med. & Health Care 32-36 (Feb. 1982).

Annas, G.J. , Mandatory PKU Screening: The Other Side of the Looking Glass, 72 AJPH 1401-03 (1982).

Annas, G.J. et al, The Right to Refuse Treatment: A Model Act, 73 AJPH 918-921 (1983).

Annas, G.J. , Regulating Heart and Liver Transplants in Massachusetts: An Overview of the Report of the Task Force on Organ Transplantation, 13 Law, Med. & Health Care 4-7 (1985) (with commentary on the Report).

Elias, S. & Annas, G.J. , Social Policy Considerations in Noncoital Reproduction, 255 JAMA 62-68 (1986).

Annas, G.J. & Glantz, L.H., The Rights of Elderly Patients to Refuse Life-sustaining Treatment, 64 Milbank Quarterly 95-162 (1986).

Annas, G.J. , Protecting the Liberty of Pregnant Patients, 316 New Engl. J. Med. 1213-14 (1987).

Annas, G.J. , Fairy Tales Surrogate Mothers Tell, 16 Law, Med. & Health Care 27-33 (1988).

Annas, G.J. & Elias S., The Politics of Transplantation of Human Fetal Tissue, 320 New Engl. J. Med. 1079-82 (1989).

Annas, G.J. , The Supreme Court, Privacy, and Abortion, 321 New Engl. J. Med. 1200-02 (1989).

Annas G.J., Glantz, L.H. & Mariner, W.K., The Right of Privacy Protects the Doctor-Patient Relationship, 263 JAMA 858-61 (1990).

Annas, G.J. , Nancy Cruzan and the Right to Die, 323 New Engl. J. Med. 670-3 (1990).

Annas, G.J. , The Health Care Proxy and the Living Will, 324 New Engl. J. Med. 1210-3 (1991).

Glantz, L.H., Mariner, W.K., Annas, G.J. , Risky Business: Setting Public Health Policy for HIV-Infected Health Care Professionals, 70 Milbank Quarterly 43-79 (1992).

Annas, G.J. , Breast Cancer Screening in Older Women: Law and Patient Rights, 47 Journals of Gerontology 121-25 (1992).

Annas, G.J. , Privacy Rules for DNA Databanks: Protecting Coded `Future Diaries,' 270 JAMA 2346-50 (1993).

Annas, G.J. , Regulatory Models for Human Embryo Cloning: The Free Market, Professional Guidelines, and Government Restrictions, 4 Kennedy Instit. Ethics J 235-250 (1994).

Annas, G.J. , Reforming the Debate on Health Care Reform by Replacing our Metaphors. 332 New Engl. J. Med. 744-747 (1995).

Annas, G.J. & Grodin, M.A., Medicine and Human Rights: Reflections on the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Doctors' Trial, 2 Health and Human Rights 6-24 (1996).

Annas, G.J. , Caplan, A. & Elias, S. The Politics of Human Embryo Research: Avoiding Ethical Gridlock, 334 New Engl. J. Med. 1329-32 (1996).

Grodin, M.A. & Annas, G.J. , Legacies of Nuremberg : Medical Ethics and Human Rights, 276 JAMA 1682-83 (1996).

Annas, G.J. & Grodin, M.A., Human Rights and Maternal-Fetal HIV Transmission Prevention Trials in Africa , 88 Am. J. Public Health 560-563 (1998).

Annas, G.J. , Human Rights and Health ‹ The Universal Declaration of Human Rights at 50, 339 New Engl. J. Med. 1778-82 (1998).

Annas, G.J. & Elias, S. Thalidomide and the Titanic: Reconstructing the Technology Tragedies of the Twentieth Century, 89 Am. J. Public Health 98-101 (1999).

Annas, G.J. , Burden of Proof: Judging Science and Protecting Public Health in (and out of) the Courtroom, 89 Am. J. Public Health 490-493 (1999).

Annas, G.J. , Caplan, A. & Elias, S. Stem Cell Politics, Ethics and Medical Progress, 5 Nature Medicine 1339-41 (1999).

Annas, G.J. , Rules for Research on Human Genetic Variation: Lessons from Iceland , 342 New Engl. J. Med. 1830-1833 (2000).

Glantz, L.H. & Annas, G.J. , Tobacco, the Food and Drug Administration, and Congress, 344 New Engl. J. Med. 152-154 (2000).

Annas, G.J. , Cloning and the U.S. Congress, 346 New Engl. J. Med. 1599-1602 (2002).

Annas, G.J. , Bioterrorism, Public Health, and Human Rights, 21 Health Affairs 94-97 (Nov. 2002)

In the Matter of Spring, 405 N.E.2d 115 ( Mass. 1980) (on the role of substituted judgment in treatment refusals) (on behalf of the American Society of Law & Medicine as amicus curiae)

In the Matter of Philip Eichner, In the Matter of John Storar, 52 N.Y.2d 363 (1981) (on the right to refuse life-sustaining treatment through an advance directive) (on behalf of Concern for Dying as amicus curiae)

>Bartling v. Superior Court, 209 Cal. Rptr. 220 (Cal. App. 2 Dist. 1984) (the right to refuse treatment) (on behalf of William Bartling as co-counsel)

In the Matter of Claire Conroy, 486 A.2d 1209 (N.J. 1985) (on the right to refuse life-sustaining treatment) (on behalf of Concern for Dying as amicus curiae)

Brophy v. New England Sinai Hospital , 497 N.E.2d 626 ( Mass. 1986) (the right to refuse treatment by advance directive and substituted judgment) (on behalf of Concern for Dying as amicus curiae)

Webster v. Reproductive Health Services, 492 U.S. 490 (1989) (on the right to abortion) (on behalf of Bioethicists for Privacy as amicus curiae)

Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health, 497 U.S. 261 (1990) (the constitutional "right to die") (on behalf of Concern for Dying as amicus curiae)

Johnson v. Florida , 602 So.2d 1288 ( Fla. 1992) (on criminalizing cocaine delivery to a neonate via the umbilical cord) (on behalf of the American Society of Law & Medicine as amicus curiae)

Vacco v. Quill, 521 U.S. 793 (1997) and Washington v. Glucksberg, 521 U.S. 702 (1997) (on constitutional right to physician assisted suicide) (on behalf of Bioethics Professors as amicus curiae)

Thorburn v. California Dept. Corrections, 66 Cal. App. 4th 1284 (1998) (on removing physicians from executions) (on behalf of Medical Ethics Scholars as amicus curiae)

Annas, G.J. Restricting Doctor-Patient Conversations in Federally Funded Clinics, N Engl J Med 1991 Aug 1; 325:362-5.

Annas, G.J. Fetal Protection and Employment Discrimination -- The Johnson Controls Case, N Engl J Med 1991 Sep 5; 325:740-3.

Annas, G.J. Using Genes to Define Motherhood -- The California Solution, N Engl J Med 1992 Feb 6; 326:417-20.

Annas, G.J. Changing the Consent Rules for Desert Storm, N Engl J Med 1992 Mar 12; 326:770-3.

Annas, G.J. Setting Standards for the Use of DNA-typing Results in the Courtroom -- The State of the Art, N Engl J Med 1992 Jun 11; 326:1641-4.

Annas, G.J. The Supreme Court, Liberty , and Abortion, N Engl J Med 1992 Aug 27; 327:651-4.

Annas, G.J. Health Warnings, Smoking and Cancer: The Cipollone Case, N Engl J Med 1992 Nov 26; 327:1604-7.

Annas, G.J. Adding Injustice to Injury: Compulsory Payment for Unwanted Treatment, N Engl J Med 1992 Dec 24; 327:1885-7.

Annas, G.J. Control of Tuberculosis -- The Law and the Public's Health, N Engl J Med 1993 Feb 25; 328:585-88.

Annas, G.J. Physician-Assisted Suicide -- Michigan 's Temporary Solution, N Engl J Med 1993 May 27; 328:1573-76.

Annas, G.J. Detention of HIV-Positive Haitians at Guantanamo , N Engl J Med 1993 Aug 19; 329:589-92.

Annas, G.J. Informed Consent, Cancer, and Truth in Prognosis, N Engl J Med 1994 Jan 20; 330:223-5.

Annas, G.J. Scientific Evidence in the Courtroom: The Death of the Frye Rule, N Engl J Med 1994 April 7; 330:1018-21.

Annas, G.J. Asking the Courts to Set the Standard of Emergency Care - The Case of Baby K, N Engl J Med 1994 May 26; 330:1542-45.

Annas, G.J. When Should Preventive Treatment be paid for by Health Insurance? N Engl J Med 1994 October 13; 331:1027-30.

Annas, G.J. Death by Prescription: The Oregon Initiative, N Engl J Med 1994 November 3; 331:1240-43.

Annas, G.J. Medicine, Death, and the Criminal Law, N Engl J Med 1995 August 24; 333:527-530.

Annas, G.J. The Health of the President and Presidential Candidates: The Public's Right to Know, N Engl J Med 1995 October 5; 333:945-949.

Annas, G.J. Women and Children First, N Engl J Med 1995 December 14; 333: 1647-51.

Annas, G.J. The Promised End: Constitutional Aspects of Physician-Assisted Suicide, N Engl J Med 1996 August 29; 335:683-88.

Annas, G.J. Cowboys, Camels, and the First Amendment: The FDA's Restrictions on Tobacco Advertising, N Engl J Med 1996 December 5; 335:1779-83.

Annas, G.J. Tobacco Litigation as Cancer Prevention: Dealing with the Devil, N Engl J Med 1997 January 23; 336:304-08.

Annas, G.J. Patients' Rights in Managed Care - Exit, Voice, and Choice, N Engl J Med 1997 July 17; 337:210-215.

Annas, G.J. Reefer Madness: The Federal Response to California 's Medical-Marijuana Law, N Engl J Med 1997, August 7; 337: 435-439.

Annas, G.J. The Bell Tolls for a Constitutional Right to Physician-Assisted Suicide, N Engl J Med 1997 October 9; 337:1098-1103.

Annas, G.J. A National Bill of Patients' Rights, N Engl J Med 1998 March 5; 338: 695- 699.

Annas, G.J. Partial-Birth Abortion, Congress, and the Constitution, N Engl J Med 1998 July 23; 339: 279-283.

Annas, G.J. The Shadowlands: Secrets, Lies and Assisted Reproduction, N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 935-939.

Annas, G.J. Protecting Patients from Discrimination: The Americans with Disabilities Act and HIV Infection, N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 1255-1259.

Annas, G.J. Waste and Longing: The Legal Status of Placental Blood Banking, N Engl J Med 1999 May 13; 340: 1521-24.

Annas, G.J. The Last Resort: The Use of Physical Restraints in Medical Emergencies N Engl J Med 1999 Oct 28; 341: 1408-12.

Annas, G.J. Ulysses and the Fate of Frozen Embryos, N Engl J Med 2000; 343: 373-378.

Annas, G.J. "Partial-Birth Abortion" and the Supreme Court, N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 152-157.

Annas, G.J. Conjoined Twins: The Limits of Law at the Limits of Life, N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 1104-1108.

Annas, G.J. Testing Poor Pregnant Women for Cocaine: Physicians as Police Investigators, N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 1729-1732.

Annas, G.J. The Limits of State Laws to Protect Genetic Information, N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 385-388.

Annas, G.J. Medical Privacy and Medical Research: Judging the New Federal HIPAA Regulations, N Engl J Med 2002; 346: 216-220.

Annas, G.J. Bioterrorism, Public Health, and Civil Liberties, N Engl J Med 2002; 346: 1337-1342.

Annas, G.J. Moral Progress, Mental Retardation, and the Death Penalty, N Engl J Med 2002; 347: 1814-1818.

Annas, G.J. The Right to Health and the Nevirapine Case in South Africa , N Engl J Med
2003; 348: 750-754.

Annas, G.J. HIPAA Regulations: A New Era of Medical-Record Privacy?, N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 1486-90.